disclosure of an unfavorable forecast of sales and profits trends for a drug product. The Ricci and Markulis simulation included an ethical dilemma involving the. Similar to Jennings, Hunt, and Cretien (1992), this simulation also involved a large pharmaceutical company. Ricci and Markulis (1990) combined study classroom lecture on business ethics with simulation posing an ethical dilemma to evaluate the effect of the lecture upon students' attitudes during the simulation. I also explain utilitarian moral motivation and use satisficing theory to attempt to defend utilitarian business ethics from questions raised regarding utilitarian calculus. Here, I defend utilitarianism as a basis for business ethics against many criticisms found in the business ethics literature, showing that a business ethics approach relying on John Stuart Mill's utilitarianism supports principles like justice, is not biased against the minority, and is more reasonable than other views such as a Kantian view when dealing with workers and making other decisions in business. I believe the main cause of the neglect of the utilitarian approach is because of misguided criticisms. In short, the negative social consequences are constantly referred to as proof of the wrongness of these actions and events, and the positive social consequences of bailouts and other plans are used as ethical support for those plans to right the wrongs. regarding the failures of Enron, Worldcom, and even the subprime mess and Wall Street Meltdown. It is the basis for much of our discussion. Utilitarianism provides a guiding framework of decision making rooted in social benefit which helps direct business toward more ethical behavior. Utilitarianism is already widely used as a business ethic approach, although it is not well developed in the literature. In this article, I suggest and support a utilitarian approach to business ethics.
The original text of this work, first published in 1986, remains largely unchanged, but an afterward reconsiders and revises some themes in response to criticism. He eventually developed a constitutional framework for adjudication in the shadow of codified law that accorded judges discretion to decide particular cases according to their best judgement of the balance of utilities, guaranteeing the Accountability and appropriate motivation of judicial decision-making through institutional incentives. Second, Bentham’s radical critique of common law theory and practice convinced him of the necessity to reconcile the need for certainty of law with an equally great need for its flexibility. Moreover, his emphasis on the necessary publicity and the systematic character of law led him to insist on an essential role for utilitarian reasons in the regular public functioning of law. Bentham was not just a utilitarian and a positivist he was a positivist by virtue of his commitment to a utilitarian understanding of the fundamental task of law. Two themes emerge from the author’s attempt in this work to reconcile these two core elements of Bentham’s practical thought.įirst, Bentham’s conception of law does not fit the conventional model of legal positivism. These theories appear to be in tension because his utilitarian commitment to the sovereignty of utility as a practical decision principles seems inconsistent with his positivist insistence on the sovereignty of the will of the lawmaker. This work explores the relationship between Bentham’s utilitarian practical philosophy and his positivist jurisprudence.
But they will, with some weighing of utilities, bring greater rationality into our ethical decisions.
The principles that he sets out, readily identifiable in his text: Encourage happiness Do good Minimise pain Do no harm Ensure justice Respect individuals and their freedoms, will not answer all issues. The paper refutes these attacks, further arguing that the version of utilitarianism set out by John Stuart Mill provides a simpler, preferable way to make an ethical choice than competing theories, particularly deontology and virtue. But utilitarianism has been attacked on many fronts, and by renowned philosophers. This paper argues that utility is more likely to provide a defendable response. Most people have little or no training in moral decision making.
Bernard williams utilitarianism for and against pdf professional#
The decisions we make in the institutions that organise our lives – be it the workplace, our professional lives, in our industry associations or our social or public structures are often complex, difficult to choose between conflicting alternatives, between good or bad consequences. Assessing the consequences of what we decide provides us with a workable method of reaching an answer – by deciding whether the consequences are good or bad. This paper argues that people from all walks of life are required to make ethical decisions.
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